The political situation in Somalia continues to generate intense debate both within the country and across the Horn of Africa. One of the most controversial and frequently discussed questions concerns the relationship between interim President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and Turkey, and whether Ankara’s growing role in Somalia has become a major pillar of his political survival. Among critics of the current administration, there is an increasing belief that President Hassan Sheikh has relied heavily on foreign partnerships, particularly with Turkey to maintain his political position amid growing domestic political challenges. Others strongly reject this argument and maintain that Turkey’s role in Somalia represents a long-term strategic partnership focused on state-building and development rather than personal political support.

Caretaker President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud returned to power (2nd term) under circumstances many observers viewed as unusual. Unlike many Somali leaders who serve one term and leave politics, he was given a second chance to lead the country through a parliamentary vote under Somalia’s 4.5 formula, a power-sharing system that allocates equal representation to the four major clan families and half that share to minority groups. A second term often gives leaders an opportunity to correct past mistakes, apply lessons from experience, and advance unfinished reforms with greater confidence and maturity. Citizens generally expect returning leaders to show stronger leadership, better planning, and improved governance.

However, Hassan Sheikh’s critics argue that his second administration has failed to capitalize on this opportunity. Rather than correcting previous shortcomings, they believe some earlier weaknesses have reappeared and, in some cases, intensified. Critics contend that the administration has struggled to create broad political consensus and has increasingly become entangled in disputes with regional stakeholders and opposition groups.

One of the most frequently raised criticisms involves the government’s political priorities. Opponents claim that substantial political energy has been directed toward confronting and challenging Somaliland’s aspirations for international recognition and political independence. From their perspective, rather than focusing primarily on urgent internal crises, including........

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