THE Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Heads of State Summit, held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, from August 31 to September 1, 2026, marked the completion of a quarter century of the organization’s existence. Convened under the theme, “25 Years of the SCO: Together Towards Sustainable Peace, Development and Prosperity,” the summit was more than a commemorative gathering. It provided an opportunity for member states to assess the organization’s achievements and chart a strategic course for the next 25 years. Its expanding membership, growing economic weight and increasing role in regional security, connectivity and development have given it a stronger voice at a time when the international system is undergoing profound geopolitical transformation. At Bishkek, SCO members emphasized deeper cooperation in security, trade and technology while reaffirming their commitment to international law and the UN Charter. They supported a more representative and equitable multipolar world order and called for reforms in global governance that would provide states with a more equal voice and partnership. The declaration also called for responsible use of artificial intelligence, reforms in global economic governance, an end to double standards on economic development and human rights and rejection of bloc-based confrontation.

The SCO reiterated that it remains a non-military organization and that international disputes should be addressed peacefully through dialogue and negotiations. More than 20 additional documents were signed covering security, drug trafficking, technology, transport, energy and environmental cooperation. Particular........

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