Opinion | Smashing Patriarchy – The Modi Way

Since 2014, the Narendra Modi-led government has prioritized “Nari Shakti” through a range of schemes focused on survival, education, health, financial inclusion, and dignity.

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India has long grappled with deep-rooted patriarchal norms that influence gender-selective practices, limited educational and economic opportunities for girls and women, restricted mobility and unequal household burdens. These structures have manifested in skewed sex ratios, lower female literacy and workforce participation relative to men and barriers to agency. However, since 2014, the Narendra Modi-led government has prioritized “Nari Shakti" (women’s power) through a range of schemes focused on survival, education, health, financial inclusion, entrepreneurship and dignity.

Flagship efforts include Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, Stand-Up India, Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana, maternity benefits under Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), housing under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (with many titles in women’s names), sanitation drives and Self-Help Group (SHG) initiatives aiming for “Lakhpati Didis."

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Patriarchy is a complex cultural, economic and institutional phenomenon. Modi Government’s interventions have expanded access, shifted incentives, raised awareness and created measurable gains in indicators that gradually erode discriminatory practices. Available data show big improvements in sex ratio at birth, girls’ secondary enrolment, institutional deliveries, clean cooking fuel access, credit flow to women and female labour force participation. “Beti Bachao Beti Padhao", has been a gamechanger. Launched on 22 January 2015 in Panipat, Haryana, a State with historically low child sex ratios, BBBP was a multi-ministry effort. Its core aims were to prevent gender-biased sex selection, ensure survival and protection of the girl child and promote her education and participation. It began in 100 gender-critical districts and later expanded nationwide, integrating with Mission Shakti. Activities included awareness campaigns, enforcement support for the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act, promotion of institutional deliveries and antenatal care and efforts to improve girls’ school enrolment and retention.

Data indicates notable........

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