Last November, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) militia overran El-Fashir—the largest refuge for displaced families in Darfur—with chilling speed. Within days, thousands were slaughtered for no reason other than their ethnic identity. Women were raped in the open, their bodies turned into battlegrounds. Those who managed to flee found no safety beyond the city’s borders; they were hunted on the road, or stopped and forced to give blood to the very men who had destroyed their homes. The brutality did not end with the killing. In a desperate attempt to erase evidence, RSF fighters dug mass graves—an atrocity later exposed by independent experts analyzing satellite imagery.

But El-Fashir’s final collapse was only the end of a far longer ordeal. Long before the city fell, it had been choked by an 18-month siege. Its residents, already clinging to survival, were deliberately starved as food supplies dwindled and humanitarian and water access were blocked.

In other parts of the country, the militia conducted drone strikes on civilian targets such as hospitals, airports, and oil refineries, aiming at........

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