Kashmiri Pandits, the Hindu community indigenous to the Kashmir Valley, have faced prolonged insecurity since the late 1980s and early 1990s. Although large-scale violence and forced displacement are the most visible chapters, the security challenge today is multidimensional like physical safety, political marginalization, economic vulnerability, cultural erosion, and the psychological impact of displacement. Understanding these threats and practical responses is essential for durable peace, justice, and reintegration. The rise of militancy in Kashmir created an atmosphere of fear among Kashmiri Pandits. Killings, threats and intimidation contributed to the mass displacement of families from the Valley around 1989–1990. Many fled to Jammu and other parts of India. Government records indicate that 44,167 Kashmiri migrant families were registered as having moved from the Valley since 1990 because of security concerns 39,782 of these were Hindu migrant families. The Government of India has also acknowledged that militant violence against Kashmiri Pandits was a major factor behind their........

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