In a digitalized world, countries have been able to establish new factories, develop new technologies, and accelerate innovation. Machines began to dominate industrial work, data was processed at an unprecedented scale, and daily life became more efficient. However, this progress also brought new challenges. While many technological advancements created positive outcomes, they also introduced risks, competition, and vulnerabilities. The modern world is therefore shaped by both the benefits and the burdens of technological evolution.

Many people assume that the rise of digital technology began after the Cold War, but the race for technological superiority started much earlier. In the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet Union were already competing for an edge by spying on each other’s technological infrastructure. In his book Chip War, Chris Miller explains that the US and USSR were deeply engaged in semiconductor competition, and their intelligence agencies, including the KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) and the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), played an active role in this struggle.

Today, in the 21st century, semiconductors have become pivotal to the overall development of societies. Economic and business sectors, along with political and social structures, increasingly depend on semiconductor supply chains. This dependency has grown even stronger as countries compete with their adversaries in the race for artificial intelligence.

Before discussing how this........

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