Fairness was what the then chancellor George Osborne said he was aiming at when he introduced the two‑child benefit cap. Each child costs a family more, he argued, and yet only some consider the full costs when family planning. It was an ungenerous take, reducing the complex reasons why people might have larger families to poor choices and welfare incentivisation, and ignoring the impact of events beyond their control, such as illness. If Mr Osborne wanted to change behaviour, he failed: 11 years after the limit for child‑linked benefits was announced, poorer people haven’t had fewer children, they have just suffered more. Above all, his policy punished children, who made no decision at all about the number of their siblings.

This was the legacy: 350,000 children pushed into poverty and another 700,000 deeper into........

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