Many international organizations and leading security experts have expressed grave concerns about the emergence of a new world disorder that poses direct threats to the Global South, President Xi Jinping’s global initiatives of development, security, civilization and governance, and particularly China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Recent developments vividly reflect this disorder, marked by naked power politics, unilateralism, economic protectionism, and attempts to contain China. The reported US actions and threats against Venezuela, Cuba, Brazil, and Iran exemplify a world order driven by coercion rather than rules. In this environment, BRI projects are likely to face growing pressure beyond 2026 across Latin America, the Arabian Gulf, Afghanistan, Iran, South Asia, Central Asia, and the Asia-Pacific.In South Asia, Afghanistan has once again emerged as a hub of international terrorism, gravely affecting Chinese investments and strategic plans. Targeted attacks on Chinese workers and investors—particularly those involved in mining and infrastructure—have raised serious alarms. These developments challenge China’s vision of transforming Afghanistan from a war economy into an economy of connectivity, productivity, and participation.BRI’s prospects in Afghanistan appear increasingly fragile due to clandestine alliances involving regional and extra-regional actors. Alleged links between RAW, TTA, TTP, Israeli-affiliated networks, and militant groups such as BLA, MB, FS, and IS-KP have intensified security risks. These evolving threats necessitate a strategic reassessment by Chinese policymakers, including the diversion of financial and logistical resources toward safer and more reliable corridors—particularly under CPEC Phase 2.0—to safeguard regional and global supply chains.Iran presents another........

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