On 21 October 2026, Turkiye, Qatar, Pakistan and Indonesia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on defence industry cooperation in Doha. The MoU’s key objectives are to promote cooperation among the four countries in defence manufacturing and encourage collaboration in research and development, technical training, and the development of advanced defence technologies.[1] This MoU aims to advance defence industry development by leveraging each country’s strengths and expertise to build defence industries, enhance production capabilities, and achieve greater integration, while also meeting the needs of partners and friendly countries.

The signatories expect that enhanced defence manufacturing capabilities will bring further economic benefits to all of them. They also believe that their defence industry cooperation will contribute to regional security and stability by achieving shared objectives.[2] The MoU intends to bring together Turkiye’s military-industrial expertise, Pakistan and Indonesia’s manufacturing capability, and Qatar’s investment. The MoU is also open for other friendly countries to join as members.

The Badr MoU follows the signing of the Multinational Maritime Defence Coalition (MMDC) in July 2026 and the Mecca Defence Alliance in August 2026. Turkiye and Pakistan are members of these two coalitions. The Mecca Defence Alliance and the Saudi Arabia–Pakistan Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA), signed in September 2025, are military pacts that treat an attack on one country as an attack on the other. The Badr MoU, by contrast, focuses on a long-term future and aims to develop the signatories’ military-industrial capabilities.

The MoU has established a two-tier mechanism—an Executive Board and a Strategic Board for an effective implementation of the joint projects. While the Executive Board will identify joint projects among the four member countries, the Strategic Board will approve them and set timelines.[3] Haluk Gorgun, the chairman of Turkiye’s Defence Industry Presidency, said the........

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