Q: I am 74 years old. Should I take the flu vaccine even though winter has not started yet?A: Yes. Older adults are at greater risk of serious complications from influenza. Getting vaccinated before flu activity increases helps build protection in time. October is still a good time to vaccinate.

Q: My father is 80 and has never taken the pneumococcal vaccine. Is it too late for him?A: No. The pneumococcal vaccine can protect older adults against serious infections caused by pneumococcal bacteria, including certain types of pneumonia, meningitis and bloodstream infections. These infections can be particularly dangerous in people with diabetes, chronic lung disease or weakened immunity. Ask your doctor which vaccine is appropriate and whether you need one dose or a recommended sequence of doses.

Q: My knees hurt more when the weather turns cold. Is this just old age?A: Joint pain is common with ageing, particularly in people with osteoarthritis, but it should not automatically be dismissed as old age. Keep moving, try gentle range-of-motion exercises and use a warm compress for comfort. Avoid prolonged inactivity. If a joint becomes suddenly swollen, red or hot, or the pain is severe, seek medical attention.

Q: I am 76 and feel unsteady when I get out of bed in the morning. Should I be worried?A: Yes, recurrent unsteadiness deserves attention........

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