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Kiran Shabbir

Kiran Shabbir

Paradigm Shift

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Why 2008 and Not 1999? NATO Expansion, Russian Aggression, and the Timing Gap

This paper examines why the eastward expansion of NATO triggered a Russian military response only in 2008 and beyond, and not in 1999, when the first...

14.04.2026 50

Paradigm Shift

Kiran shabbir