Turkey’s evolving relationship with the Republic of Somaliland is characterized by a marked departure from neutrality. Initially positioned as a mediator between Somaliland and Somalia, Turkey has transitioned into a staunch supporter of the Federal Government of Somalia, actively advancing Mogadishu’s interests at the expense of Somaliland’s sovereignty and stability.

Breakdown of Mediation and Emerging Bias

Since 2013, Turkey assumed the role of principal mediator in talks between Somaliland and Somalia. However, Somaliland officials and analysts contend that Turkey’s mediation was neither impartial nor constructive. Rather than facilitating genuine dialogue, Turkey’s approach stalled Somaliland’s progress while simultaneously strengthening Mogadishu’s institutions. The insistence on Somalia’s unity as a non-negotiable baseline undermined Somaliland’s pursuit of a two-state solution. Furthermore, Turkey failed to enforce agreements related to airspace management and the equitable distribution of international aid, allowing Mogadishu to violate these terms without consequence.

The 2024 Maritime Defense Pact

A pivotal moment occurred with the February 2024 Defense and Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement. This pact granted Turkey a ten-year mandate to defend Somalia’s maritime zones, which Mogadishu claims include Somaliland’s extensive coastline. Somaliland’s........

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