With the US-Iranian ceasefire breaking down, and President Trump declaring the MOU “over,” there is major uncertainty about what’s next. But whenever the United States and Iranians do return to the negotiating table, there is one thing that is clear. It is highly unlikely that Iran will agree to any restrictions on support for its proxies and partners, including the Iraqi Shia militias, Hezbollah, the Houthis and Hamas. This is hardly surprising, but still bodes poorly for future Middle East stability. 

It is also bad news for Europe, where Iran-linked actors have been active in plotting attacks, raising funds, and procuring weapons. European governments must step up and make their territory a more hostile operating environment. This would be essential in preventing these groups from rebuilding their financial, terrorist and weapons capabilities, which will undoubtedly be a high priority for Tehran. 

Iran has been particularly active in recent months in wreaking mayhem on European soil. A new organization, Harakat Ashab al-Yamin al-Islamiyah (HAYI), emerged in the early days of the war, with a series of attacks on Jewish targets across Europe. Hayi was quickly tied to Kataib Hezbollah, an Iraqi terrorist group closely linked to the Iranian regime. Hayi has been recruiting mostly young, low-level criminals through social media to go after Jewish targets in the UK, the Netherlands, Belgium,........

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