Like most of Australia, I spent much of Sunday night locked to the news with a nauseated sense of recognition as I watched the attacks in Bondi unfold. I remembered this feeling of sickness and horror from the Bourke Street attack in 2017, and the stabbings in Bondi Junction Westfield last year.

Though my work involves stories of violence daily, seeing a mass attack still shakes my sense of safety and belief that the world is just, safe and controllable. I know how it can leave people with enduring trauma.

A woman kneels and prays at a flower memorial to shooting victims outside the Bondi Pavilion on Monday, December 15.Credit: AP

Over the next few weeks, months and even years, many people will be struggling with their responses as they process the experiences of Sunday night. For victims, their families and others at Bondi Beach on Sunday, the grief and horror will be long-lasting. They are the primary victims of this attack. There are other secondary victims too – first responders who witnessed the aftermath of the attack, as well as everyone else exposed to this tragedy – bystanders, community members who intervened or were near Bondi Beach, the broader Jewish community across Australia, and the Bondi community. For many affected community members, this event will be a stark reminder of danger that may surface at any moment and may ignite reminders of other violent events, such as........

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