According to a report tabled in the Lok Sabha by the Minister of State for Finance, per capita net national income (NNI), in 2024-25 at constant prices was a meagre Rs 1,14,710. An analysis by Anil Swarup, a former Secretary to the Government of India, shows that after excluding the richest 5 per cent of population, per capita income of the balance 95 per cent of our population, at current prices, is US$ 1,130 i.e., hardly Rs 1 lakh. Despite PM Modi’s exhortation to youth to be job creators and not job seekers, it would be extremely difficult to set up a viable business with such limited resources ~ and the lack of vocational and business acumen that plagues Indian youth.

Young men, and young women also, are willing to work but the Government and society have no use for their services. According to the Madhya Pradesh Employee Selection Board (the infamous Vyapam in a new avatar), 9.76 lakh applications were received for 7,500 posts of constables, i.e., 130 applications for each post. Applicants included 42 Ph. Ds and over 12,000 engineers. Similarly, 50 lakh applications, with a proportionately higher number of over-qualified applicants, were received for 60,000 police constable posts in Uttar Pradesh. The 2018 mega-recruitment drive of Railways was record-breaking in many respects; 2,83,747 vacancies were notified, for which more than 4 crore applications were received and 1,32,000 appointments were made.

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The balance appointments were not made even after four years; agitated candidates took to the streets, burnt a train, thereby drawing public attention to their plight. The chronology of events is telling; tests were conducted in late 2020 and early 2021, and results were declared in December 2021 and January 2022, after which, instead of being issued with appointment letters, candidates were told that the tests they had appeared in were the first stage and another round of tests were to follow. Apparently, the recruitment drive had fizzled out after conclusion of General Elections 2019 and Bihar Legislative Assembly Elections, 2020. The Railway’s NTPC (Non-technical Popular Categories) tests gained so much notoriety that the National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. wrote to the Railways asking them not to use the abbreviation NTPC for their exam.

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Leaked question papers of competitive examinations and delaying recruitment processes........

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