Hours before Russian tanks crossed into Ukraine on 24 February 2022, thousands of satellite modems across the country and Central Europe went dark.

It was, according to Aerospace Security Project at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies Director Kari Bingen, the true opening shot of the war, a cyberattack on a commercial satellite system aimed at crippling Ukraine's ability to communicate.

Luch-1 and Luch-2, two Russian satellites, have been able to intercept the........

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