The impacts of the joint US-Israeli operation against Iran, which began on February 28, will be felt globally in ways that we cannot yet foresee. Financial markets are reacting negatively to the offensive, and the price of Brent crude oil has risen by 25% since the attack began.

Iran has also announced that it will close the Strait of Hormuz. If the blockade is effective and prolonged, the world will face a very turbulent economic outlook in the near future, and Europe will not be spared.

Many Middle East countries have already been subject to Iranian retaliation. Part of the EU’s territory is also within range of Iranian missiles. A British military base in Cyprus was bombed in a drone attack on March 1.

Given the presence of American military forces in south-eastern Europe, which have been deployed to deter Russia as part of Nato operations, the possibility of an attack by Iran on European territory cannot be ruled out. This could lead to Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty being invoked – which has not yet happened – and the consequent involvement of Nato in the war.

Europe’s........

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