WARS rarely remain confined to the battlefield.

While images of conflict often focus on military operations and political tensions, the deeper and longer-lasting consequences are frequently felt in public health. The ongoing tensions involving Iran demonstrate how warfare can quickly evolve into a humanitarian and global health crisis. From damaged hospitals and medicine shortages to psychological trauma and disease outbreaks, the health effects of war extend far beyond the front lines, affecting populations across regions and globally. One of the most immediate health consequences of armed conflict is the surge in injuries and deaths. As fighting intensifies, hospitals must cope with large numbers of trauma patients requiring emergency surgery, intensive care and long-term rehabilitation. Health systems already under strain are forced to redirect resources toward war-related injuries, often delaying or suspending routine services such as maternal care, childhood immunization and treatment for chronic diseases. Consequently, preventable illnesses and deaths increase even among those not directly affected by fighting.

Damage to health infrastructure is another critical concern. Hospitals, clinics, laboratories and ambulances may be destroyed, damaged or forced to close due to insecurity. Health workers often face threats to their safety and may flee........

© Pakistan Observer