ON the 105th anniversary of the Communist Party of China, the Party has again “articulated” an “ideational” and “normative” framework often described as an “embedded political spirituality” or civic ethos that orients the Party, its members, the citizenry and the state toward enduring values: equality, social justice, rule of law, positive-sum development, productivity, participatory governance, responsiveness, transparency and people-centred public policy. Within this narrative, the CPC is advanced as a “paradigmatic” example of modern governance, combining ideational cohesion with performance-based legitimacy. A historically informed analysis emphasizes that more than a century ago, young revolutionaries crossed snow-capped mountains and vast grasslands, mobilizing dispersed communities in pursuit of national sovereignty, social harmony and self-determination.

This formative experience later institutionalized as the Long March spirit became closely associated with the second centenary goal of national rejuvenation and popular well-being. It gradually consolidated a distinctive governance architecture characterized by people-centric policy design, intra-party discipline, accountability, transparency, grassroots consultative mechanisms and coordinated political participation. This is frequently framed as a new form of democracy or whole-process people’s democracy, one that remains adaptive, consultative and solution-oriented.

Analytically, the Party’s early revolutionary determination supplied the ideational capital for subsequent state-building. It evolved into a national discourse of construction and sustainable development, structural reform and opening-up, poverty eradication and scientific-technological innovation. In........

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