There is a recurring tendency among Western analysts to interpret Iran’s political transformations through categories imported from the European experience. The idea that the Islamic Republic is entering a “Third Republic”, for example, suggests a rupture akin to the successive French republics. More problematically, this framing reinforces an Orientalist interpretation of an almost dynastic succession of power in Iran.

It may be more appropriate to understand the current moment not as the birth of another Republic, but as a third historical phase of the same political project that began in 1979.

It may be more appropriate to understand the current moment not as the birth of another Republic, but as a third historical phase of the same political project that began in 1979.

The first phase was marked by the Islamic Revolution, the war imposed by Iraq and the construction of a new institutional architecture based on Wilayat al-Faqih, the governance of the Islamic jurist. Within this framework, it was necessary simultaneously to preserve the revolution, defend the country’s territory and transform its principles into institutions capable of withstanding immense external pressure.

The second phase began after the death of Imam Khomeini and the rise of Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei. During this period, Iran ceased to be merely a revolution struggling to ensure its survival and consolidated itself as a regional power.

It was also during this period that what would later become known as the Axis of Resistance took shape: a political and strategic architecture involving movements and forces which, despite........

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