The onset of spring and summer brings renewed agricultural activity across our region. Orchards burst into bloom, paddy cultivation begins and parks and lawns undergo extensive maintenance. While these activities contribute significantly to our economy and aesthetic environment, they are often accompanied by the widespread use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides, particularly organophosphates and organochlorines.These chemicals are sprayed on crops, mixed with irrigation water and absorbed into the soil. However, not all of the applied chemicals remain where they are intended. A significant portion is washed away by rainwater and irrigation runoff, eventually finding its way into streams, rivers, lakes and groundwater sources. The same water bodies often serve as sources of drinking water for humans and livestock and other purposes, creating a direct pathway for toxic substances to enter the system particularly the food chain.

The excessive and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals has far-reaching environmental consequences that extend well beyond the fields where they are applied. These chemicals often contaminate surface and groundwater resources through runoff and seepage, posing risks to both human and animal health. Their prolonged use can reduce soil fertility by destroying beneficial microorganisms that play a vital role in nutrient cycling and maintaining soil health. Agrochemicals also contribute to the loss of biodiversity by adversely affecting beneficial insects such as bees, butterflies and other pollinators that are essential for ecosystem functioning and agricultural productivity. Furthermore, they can poison fish, birds, and other forms of wildlife disrupting food chains and natural habitats. The excessive application of pesticides and related chemicals disturbs the ecological balance by eliminating natural predators and beneficial organisms that help control pests thereby increasing dependence on chemical interventions. An additional concern is the long-term accumulation of toxic residues in soils, water bodies and aquatic ecosystems where they can persist for extended periods. Many........

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