Viktor Orbán has long stood at the center of Europe’s political tensions, shaping Hungary into one of the most controversial actors within the European Union. Since returning to power in 2010, Viktor Orbán has pursued a strategy that blends nationalism, economic pragmatism, and geopolitical balancing.

During Orbán’s premiership, Hungary achieved a major milestone in foreign policy. In 1999, alongside Poland and Czech Republic, Hungary was officially admitted into NATO, marking a significant step in its integration into Western political and security structures.

Orbán’s believed that the traditional Western system, rooted in individual rights and multiculturalism, has failed to preserve national identity and social stability. Instead, Orbán promoted a strong, centralized state that prioritizes sovereignty, Christian values, and national interests.

This ideological divergence has inevitably led to conflict with the European Union. Orbán’s foreign policy further illustrated his strategy of balancing competing powers. Within the EU, Hungary has often been an outlier in its approach to Russia. While most European states moved to isolate Moscow after the Russian war in Ukraine, Orbán maintained relatively........

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