Throughout history, periods of major technological change have reshaped economies and transformed societies. The steam engine, electricity, and the internet are just a few of the innovations that have increased productivity, created new industries and jobs, and changed the lives of millions of people. Artificial intelligence is the newest chapter in that story.

Like the technologies that came before it, AI has the potential to transform economies and improve living standards. But history teaches us that the benefits of technological change are not always distributed evenly. This depends on a combination of sound policy, access to infrastructure and skills, and creating opportunities for everyone.

I was reminded of this recently during visits to Mozambique and South Africa, where I met farmers, nurses, teachers, and students, and saw how digital technology is already beginning to improve their lives.

Imagine a young farmer spotting signs of disease in his cassava crop. With a smartphone, he takes a photo and receives an immediate diagnosis and advice on how to respond. Technology helps him quickly protect his harvest and his livelihood without waiting for a specialist to arrive at the farm.

I met........

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