The hostility against Jews is a deeply rooted phenomenon in Muslim societies — anti-Semitism is often described as among the oldest forms of hatred in recorded history, though there is no meaningful comparison between the two communities in scale. Jews constitute only around 0.2 percent of the world’s population, while the global Muslim population exceeds two billion. Despite this vast demographic imbalance, anti-Jewish sentiment remains widespread in many Muslim societies.

Approximately half of the world’s Jewish population — around seven million people — resides in Israel, while most of the remainder lives in the United States and parts of Europe. In nearly every country, Jews are a minority except in Israel itself. This raises an important question: why does such intense hostility toward Jews persist in many parts of the Muslim world, despite Jews being regarded in Islam as “People of the Book,” and despite Muslims invoking blessings upon the family of Prophet Abraham in their daily prayers?

Jewish communities have made extraordinary contributions to modern science, technology, and intellectual advancement. Jews have received a disproportionately high share of Nobel Prizes and have played major roles in medicine, physics, economics, and innovation. By contrast, many Muslim-majority societies continue to lag in scientific and educational development. The treatment of Nobel........

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