Pashtunwali is a centuries-old, unwritten code of conduct that governs the lives of the Pashtun people. Deeply rooted in tradition, it defines the cultural, social, and moral values of Pashtun society. Despite the impact of modernization and religion—particularly Islam—Pashtunwali continues to shape the identity and behavior of Pashtuns across generations. As the revered Pashtun poet and warrior Khushal Khan Khattak once said, “I despise the man who does not guide his life by nang (honour).”

At the heart of Pashtunwali lies a deep respect for honour, hospitality, and community justice. One of its most cherished principles is melmastia, or hospitality. Guests—whether strangers or enemies—are treated with great respect and are protected under the host’s roof without discrimination based on religion, caste, or background. Hospitality is not just a virtue; it is a duty.

Another critical element is badal, the concept of revenge. In Pashtun society, seeking revenge for a wrong committed is seen as a necessary act to restore honour. This may take years—or even generations—but it remains an obligation. Those who fail to uphold........

© The Spine Times