Environment security is of immense importance in today’s globalized world, as the threat of global warming lurks over the entire human race. States now have to ensure survival not only from other states or non-state actors but from natural disasters that strike without warning and inflict irreparable damages. Keeping in mind the fact that Pakistan has a strategic location combined with an abundant wealth of natural resources and manpower, all of which are crucial in this regard, below is a brief breakdown of the components of Pakistan’s environmental security that directly impact its national security for present and future decades to come.

Global warming is a threat transcending boundaries, and Pakistan is among the top ten affected countries. Despite its low contribution, Pakistan has to bear the brunt of the ecological footprint cast by wealthier developed nations. This has opened up multifaceted issues that we witness in the form of natural disasters, as discussed below. These environmental security threats pose significant risks to human security and development.

The recent onslaught of smog is a major health hazard, including in the capital city itself. In 2023, Pakistan’s AQI was recorded to be 14 times higher than that prescribed safely by WHO guidelines. The major........

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