When we work for institutions and organisations, or, as socialists would say, when we sell our labour to capitalists, we must behave according to the buyer’s rules and regulations. If we do not know exactly what that entails, we must learn, and that is a shared responsibility of both the buyer and seller of labour, expertise and competence, with the buyer holding the upper hand. This applies to people in high and low positions, whether inherited, elected or obtained through ordinary employment. Even royals, ministers and others in top roles must work and live by the rules, whether written or grounded in convention and tradition. In democracies, the authority to set the rules ultimately lies with the people through elections; in our time, public opinion is also gauged through opinion polls, social media and television debates. The courts are equally important, implementing laws passed by elected parliamentarians, who also have the power to amend them.

In recent weeks, we have witnessed the release of the so-called Epstein files, a media frenzy in which high-level figures have been named for having had, or allegedly having had, improper contact with Jeffrey Epstein. He was a very wealthy American businessman who maintained extensive connections with prominent individuals in many countries, reportedly offering gifts and other advantages, possibly in exchange for favours. Epstein died in custody in 2019 at the age of 66 while facing further investigations into wrongdoing, including child abuse and human trafficking, for which his associate, Ghislaine Maxwell (64), is serving a lengthy prison sentence.

I have previously written about the Epstein scandal. In one article, I argued that we all belong to groups and networks rather than operating alone. In another, I emphasised that it is easier to accuse individuals than institutions and organisations of wrongdoing, even when the latter may have lacked adequate control systems, overlooked questionable conduct, or allowed friendship cultures to develop. Preventing such practices is ultimately the employer’s responsibility.

Last week, former Prince Andrew (66) of the UK, the younger brother of King Charles III, was reportedly taken into custody for questioning regarding his relationship with Epstein during his tenure as a British Government trade envoy. He had previously been linked to allegations concerning Epstein’s activities involving young and underage women, although that was not cited as the reason for the questioning.

I shall not dwell on Prince Andrew’s specific case. Rather, I wish to highlight that, as a government trade envoy, his employer should have investigated any suspicions of misconduct at an early stage, particularly allegations that he shared confidential information or travel details with Epstein. If such actions occurred out of ignorance, that would reflect poorly on the government, which bore responsibility for ensuring proper training and oversight. As a senior royal and trade envoy, he should have understood that diplomatic rules apply at all times. Institutions must ensure that such rules are known and observed. It is easy to blame individuals; it is far more difficult to hold institutions accountable for structural failings.

A few days ago, Peter Benjamin Mandelson (72), a former British ambassador to the United States and senior Labour Party politician, including Minister of Trade, was reportedly taken into custody for questioning over possible misconduct related to his contact with Epstein. Again, it appears that the UK Government and Mandelson’s political party should have offered clearer guidance and safeguards, particularly given his reputation for controversial conduct.

In Norway, Crown Princess Mette-Marit (52) has been accused of maintaining close contact with Epstein and has stated that she did not fully grasp the extent of his criminal conduct. She should have received clearer guidance and oversight from the Royal Palace and relevant government authorities. A diplomat or royal represents the country at all times. Any potential breach also raises questions about the judgement of her husband, Crown Prince Haakon Magnus (52), heir apparent to the throne. The Royal Palace, with its extensive staff, should have ensured appropriate training and compliance with government regulations.

Similarly, Norwegian diplomat Mona Juul (66) and her husband, Terje Rød-Larsen (78), formerly head of the International Peace Institute in New York and briefly a government minister, have faced corruption-related charges linked to long-term contact with Epstein. In such cases, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs should have exercised stronger oversight. Both individuals had previously faced scrutiny over financial matters, yet corrective measures appear to have been insufficient. This may suggest a culture of leniency within the institution.

Thorbjørn Jagland (75), a former Norwegian prime minister and Secretary-General of the Council of Europe from 2009 to 2019, has also been charged over issues related to his contact with Epstein. Allegations include receiving hospitality and facilitating introductions. Any gifts or benefits must be reported to the employer, as they belong to the institution, not the individual. Institutions are responsible for establishing and enforcing clear reporting and auditing procedures. Jagland’s immunity has reportedly been lifted, and further details are expected to emerge. While individuals bear responsibility, institutions must also review and strengthen their control mechanisms.

Although this article has discussed several individuals linked to the Epstein case, the central concern is institutional responsibility. Public debate should not focus solely on personal blame. Structural weaknesses in oversight and governance are more serious and demand urgent correction. The individuals involved may serve as examples of what can occur when institutions fail in their duty of care and supervision. Since these problems are structural, they require systematic reform to prevent recurrence and to protect both the public and the staff themselves.

Atle HetlandThe writer is a senior Norwegian social scientist with experience from university, diplomacy and development aid. He can be reached at atlehetland@yahoo.com

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