Georgia lawmakers on Monday sent legislation to bar transgender student-athletes from participating in girls’ and women’s sports to Republican Gov. Brian Kemp, who is expected to sign the measure into law.

Georgia’s Senate Bill 1 would require middle schools, high schools and colleges to restrict participation in sports and access to multioccupancy facilities like restrooms and locker rooms by students’ “reproductive biology and genetics at birth.” It employs narrow definitions of male and female that are based on an individual’s capability to produce either “human sperm” or “human ovum.”

Also known as the “Riley Gaines Act,” after the conservative activist who regularly campaigns against the inclusion of transgender girls in sports, the bill easily cleared both chambers of the state Legislature with support from........

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