The tripartite defence agreement signed in Makkah between Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye is epoch-making in essence. It is premised on the understanding that an armed attack on any one state will be treated as aggression against all members and shall trigger a collective response. The intention, nonetheless, is one of deterrence - to ward off extra-territorial designs by any sovereign state or non-state entity. With the region in a state of flux due to the US-Iran war, this trilateral defence pact is likely to usher in new signs of........

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