That sanctions, positive or negative, are intended to encourage or deter an action and its outcome; that sanctions in all their manifestations aim to make society a better place through positivity, morality and integrity; and that rewards or positive sanctions contribute to prosperity and productivity have held considerable significance throughout history. As a social mechanism in sociology, sanctions enforce laws to promote conformity, maintain social order and regulate behaviour. In other words, as a form of social control, sanctions promote legal conformity, teach norms of behaviour and help maintain social order.

They can be positive, rewarding conformity with awards, praise, recognition or promotions, or negative, punishing violations with fines, imprisonment, social ostracism or criticism. The institutionalisation of positive rewards and reinforcement of negative ones in the name of administering justice and penological practices manifests the sanction system today. To produce their........

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