The Abraham Accords are a series of bilateral agreements that were reported to aim at normalizing diplomatic relations between Israel and several Arab countries under the mediation of U.S. President Donald Trump's administration in 2020.

These agreements aim to promote economic, commercial, technological, security, and tourism cooperation, but they do not resolve the Palestinian issue.

In fact, they prefer to make this issue forgotten.

Why was the name “Abraham” chosen?

The name was chosen as a reference to Prophet Abraham, who is regarded as the common ancestor of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These three religions are known as the “Abrahamic religions.” The purpose of the agreement was supposedly to emphasize the shared religious and cultural heritage of Jews and Arabs/Muslims and to deliver a message of peace and dialogue. In the Torah, Abraham is mentioned as the ancestor of the Jewish people.

In the Qur’an, he is an important prophet in Islam and the father of Prophet Ishmael. In Christianity, he is also remembered as an example of faith.

Abraham’s relationship with the three religions

• Judaism: Abraham is the ancestor of the Jewish people.

The covenant he made with God is one of the foundations of Judaism.

The Jewish lineage continues through his son Isaac.

• Christianity: Abraham is regarded as a model of faith and obedience.

He appears in the genealogy of Jesus.

In the New Testament, he is referred to as the “father of faith.”

• Islam: Abraham is a prophet devoted to pure monotheism.

It is believed that he built the Kaaba together with his son Ishmael.

This shared heritage gives the agreement, at least on the surface, a symbolic sense of unity.

Which countries signed it?

The first signatures were placed in Washington on September 15, 2020.

The main countries that signed or normalized relations were:

• United Arab Emirates (UAE): The first and leading country.

• Bahrain: A signatory together with the UAE.

• Morocco: Joined in December 2020 in exchange for U.S. recognition of Western Sahara.

The relationship between Israel’s Abraham Accords and interfaith dialogue activities

Interfaith dialogue was presented as a process of constructive conversation, meetings, and interaction among people belonging to different religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, etc.) in order to develop mutual understanding, respect, tolerance, and cooperation. Its visible purpose was to reduce conflict, find common values, and support peace. However, in practice, it developed as a process of tolerating every form of oppression, violence, genocide, and hostility committed by Jews and Christians against Muslims.

The process of interfaith dialogue has a direct connection with the Abraham Accords. The name and text of the Abraham Accords were chosen with reference to Prophet Abraham, the common ancestor of the three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam).

The declaration of the agreement explicitly includes the statement: “We encourage interfaith and cultural dialogue among the three Abrahamic religions.” In other words, although the agreements are political steps, they were strengthened through the discourse and symbolism of interfaith dialogue.

Al-Aqsa Flood left the Abraham Accords without results

Approximately one month after the Al-Aqsa Flood operation of October 7, 2023, decisions were taken at the Summit of the Heads of State and Government of the Member States of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the Arab League, held in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, on November 11, 2023, with the participation of 57 5 countries.

Through these decisions, the member states declared their red lines regarding the Palestinian issue.

Among the issues reaffirmed by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the Member States of the Arab League in support of the Palestinian cause in the 31-point joint declaration were the following:

Opposition to Israel’s aggression and to the humanitarian catastrophe caused by that aggression.

A commitment to work to stop all illegal activities aimed at depriving the Palestinian people of all their rights, especially the right to freedom and the right to establish an independent and sovereign state over the entirety of their national lands.

Reaffirmation by all states of the central importance of the Palestinian cause and a commitment to devote all their energy and capabilities to the liberation of all occupied territories.

Emphasis, in particular, on the right to self-determination and the borders of June 4, 1967.

Strong emphasis on the view that “the continuation of the Israeli occupation constitutes a threat to regional security and stability as well as to global security and peace.”

The recognition of all inalienable rights of Palestinian refugees, including the right of return and the right........

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