In my last post, I discussed Safety Planning with any client at risk of suicide. A second evidence-based intervention involves addressing access to lethal means, which focuses on limiting access to methods such as firearms or prescription medications that could be used in a suicide attempt. Restricting access to lethal means is among the most effective strategies for preventing suicide for several reasons:

1. Suicidal Crises Can Be Brief and Impulsive

Many suicidal actions are impulsive responses to what may be a brief crisis, with the acute period of heightened risk often lasting only hours or even minutes. During this time, if a person has easy access to lethal means — such as firearms, medications, or sharp objects — the likelihood of a fatal outcome increases significantly. Often, individuals in the midst of a suicide crisis are unable to think clearly enough to consider alternatives. In many cases, when given time to calm down or think things through, people choose not to act on suicidal thoughts.

2. Means Matter

The lethality of a suicide attempt depends heavily on the method used. In the United States, the majority of suicide deaths involve firearms. Because firearms are both highly lethal and readily accessible, they are a major focus of all lethal means counseling.

3. Delay can Increase Survival

Creating any delay between a person’s thoughts of suicide and their ability to act can significantly increase the chances of survival. Even if the person proceeds with an attempt, using less lethal means offers a greater opportunity for them to reconsider, seek help, or be interrupted and survive.

As you work through the development of a safety plan with your client, you should naturally come to a discussion of access to lethal means. The following information, adapted from "Means Matter" (see link below), can be helpful:

Explain the Importance of a Safe Environment

If your client is not actively experiencing thoughts of suicide, they may not understand the importance of maintaining a safe environment. It is helpful to explain the impulsivity that can be associated........

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