As war reshapes daily life in Iran, citizens are using public gatherings, music, poetry, religious chanting, memes and AI-generated videos to reclaim agency and community.

Coverage of the conflict between Iran, Israel and the United States has largely focused on battlefield developments, political statements and international diplomacy. Another story has been unfolding on the streets of Iran.

Despite fears of further military escalation dominating daily life, night after night, residents gather in public spaces, posting the evidence on social media. In this process, many have turned to culture and the arts to show solidarity, and to encourage coming together during this uncertain time.

It’s common for civilians living through conflict to seek community.

Ukrainian protesters met in public spaces following Russia’s 2014 invasion. New Yorkers assembled after September 11. And in the Second World War, masses of Londoners gathered underground during the Blitz bombing campaign by Nazi Germany.

In moments of crisis, public visibility becomes a way to reclaim agency when all else feels precarious. In Iran, this response is taking shape across three interconnected layers: physical, cultural and digital presence.

The Iranian public has maintained a noticeable presence in streets, parks and public squares. What began as gatherings shaped by shock, mourning and uncertainty gradually evolved into a kind of........

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