From On-site to Online

The term “gambling” refers to risking money on an event or platform of uncertainty, with the possibility of gaining an increased return. It includes betting, slot machines, casino games, lotteries, and bingo. These are available both physically and online. It is a human practice that exists in different cultures and regions; its acceptance varies from culture to culture. Currently, it is widely and openly practiced in many countries and nations, and it has become a notable cultural activity. At the same time, in many countries, such as Pakistan, online gambling is considered an organized crime. 

According to the study, the legalization of gambling has been observed in more than 80% of countries worldwide. WHO estimates that 1.2% of the world’s total population has a gambling disorder, and the harm caused by this disorder is rapidly growing worldwide. The global gambling industry generated US$536 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow by 7% in 2024. Many analysts estimate that the global gambling revenue will reach US$700 billion by 2028.

Gambling, which was once done conventionally, has now been shifted online through computers, mobile phones, and the internet. Technological advancements have caused the boom of online gambling in developing countries, especially Pakistan. According to the Remote Gambling Association 2010, there were around 2,500 e-gambling sites worldwide, owned by 600 organizations. In the last decade, the explosive growth of these platforms has been observed, especially during the time of COVID-19.

Pakistan’s Struggle With Gambling

Pakistan, being an Islamic country, sees e-gambling as against its culture and religion and often calls it a “social disease.” It is regulated by the “Prevention of Gambling Act 1977” and the “Pakistan Penal Code 294-a.” Due to multiple technological advancements, it has been regulated by sections 13, 14, and 25 of the Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016. The 1973 Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Article 37(g), clearly states the prevention of gambling. Therefore, e-gambling is assuredly a crime in Pakistan’s context.

Despite legal bans in Pakistan, this market is growing, and the country is struggling to regulate it, posing potential risks. The Netherlands-based iGaming strategy consultant has reported that Pakistan generated US$350 million in gross gaming revenue in 2025 and is expected to........

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