TECHNOLOGY has always sought to bridge the gap between humans and machines. Now, with Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), that bridge no longer needs a keyboard, a touchscreen or even spoken words. These systems allow the human brain to communicate directly with external devices, enabling paralyzed patients to move prosthetic limbs, soldiers to control drones through thought and individuals to interact with digital systems using only neural activity. What once belonged to science fiction is rapidly becoming reality. Yet, as we draw closer to this powerful union of mind and machine, a new frontier of risk is emerging: cybersecurity threats to the human brain itself. Unlike traditional digital data, neural signals are uniquely personal—they reveal emotions, thoughts, mental states and even decision-making patterns. If this data is intercepted or manipulated, the consequences extend beyond privacy violations; they strike at the core of human autonomy and identity.

Brain-Computer Interfaces operate through a delicate process of recording, interpreting and transmitting brain activity. Electrodes—either implanted or external—capture electrical signals, which are then processed by algorithms to perform tasks such as........

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