SINCE its emergence upon the map of the world on 14 August 1947, Pakistan has consistently adhered to a policy of restraint rather than aggression.

In a region long marked by rivalries and unresolved disputes, it has neither pursued expansionist designs nor sought entanglement beyond the imperatives of its security. History bears witness that whenever Pakistan has taken up arms, it has done so in response to external aggression or in defence of its sovereignty and people. From the wars of 1948, 1965 and 1971 to the recent standoff with India in May 2025, its actions have been reactive, measured and proportionate. This posture is not merely strategic; it is moral. The Holy Qur’an lays down a principle that has guided Muslim conduct in conflict: “Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not love the transgressors” (Al-Baqarah 2:190). The command is clear—defence is permitted, aggression is forbidden. Likewise, the Qur’an instructs, “And if they incline to peace, then incline to it [also] and rely upon Allah” (Al-Anfal 8:61). These verses establish a balance between vigilance and reconciliation, between preparedness and peace. Pakistan’s security doctrine has consistently reflected this equilibrium.

The events of May 2025 offered a contemporary illustration. Following provocations and threats to its security, Pakistan responded with precision and caution, ensuring that civilian life and religious sanctities were respected. It........

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