THE circulatory system, or cardiovascular system, is central to sustaining life.

Comprising the heart, blood vessels and blood, it ensures the continuous transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products throughout the body. Its proper functioning supports immunity, temperature regulation, healing and the removal of metabolic waste. Disruption to this system—whether through disease or lifestyle factors—can result in serious complications such as heart attacks, strokes or organ failure.

At its core, the heart functions as a pump, propelling oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to organs and returning deoxygenated blood for purification. Arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins carry it back and capillaries enable vital exchanges at the cellular level. A healthy circulatory system is thus foundational to all physiological processes.

Common disorders include........

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