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Opinion | PM Modi’s Multilingual Vision: The Three-Language Formula Will Only Empower Students

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29.07.2026

Opinion | PM Modi’s Multilingual Vision: The Three-Language Formula Will Only Empower Students

PM Modi's multilingual vision, six years in, is finally legible for what it is: an offer of more, not less

Six years on, NEP 2020’s flexible language model is delivering its first measurable dividends. It is the strongest foundational-reading gains in two decades, a wave of learning in the mother tongue, and new routes into higher education. The case for the states still outside it has rarely looked stronger.

In the two years to 2024, the share of Class 3 children in India’s government schools who could read a simple Class 2 passage climbed from 16 in every hundred to more than 23. It is the strongest result the Annual Status of Education Report has logged since it began measuring in 2005, and the state schools long treated as the system’s weak link outpaced the private sector to get there. Behind the number is India’s National Education Plan in action: teach a child first in the language she already speaks.

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That choice is the centre of the NEP of 2020, and six years on it is beginning to pay out. Far from the threat its loudest critics describe, the policy’s three-language formula is turning into one of the more successful education reforms of the past generation.

The recovery in Class 3 is not an isolated bright spot. Among........

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