Few historical debates have captured the imagination of Pakistan's intellectual circles as intensely in recent months as the renewed discussion surrounding the Indus Valley Civilisation. Fuelled by social media exchanges, official statements from India, and broader geopolitical tensions following the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty, the conversation has evolved into something far more significant than an archaeological dispute. It has become a debate about Pakistan's identity.

In the latest episode of New Wave History, writer and public intellectual Raza Rumi argues that Pakistan is witnessing a gradual rediscovery of its pre-Islamic civilisational heritage. For decades, he explains, state narratives privileged an exclusively Islamic identity, emphasising links with Central Asia and the wider........

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