By: Dr Rizwan Yousuf

ChillaKalan, the 40-day period of intense winter, is a defining feature of Jammu and Kashmir, bringing freezing temperatures, heavy snowfall, and a range of challenges for both residents and visitors. This harsh phase, which usually starts 21 December, is marked by bitter cold and poses serious risks to health and infrastructure.

The extreme cold during ChillaKalan poses a significant risk to health, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with pre-existing medical conditions. The harsh winter conditions, with temperatures dropping to sub-zero levels, can lead to serious health problems, ranging from frostbite and hypothermia to aggravated respiratory conditions like asthma and bronchitis.

Hypothermia and Frostbite: Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below 35°C, causing the body to lose heat faster than it can produce it. This condition is especially dangerous for the elderly and young children, who may not have the physical resilience to withstand prolonged exposure to cold. Frostbite, another serious risk, occurs when body tissues freeze due to extreme cold, often affecting fingers, toes, ears, and the nose. This can lead to permanent damage or loss of these body parts if not treated immediately.

Respiratory Problems: The cold air in Jammu and Kashmir exacerbates pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During ChillaKalan, local hospitals report a surge in cases of respiratory distress. For individuals who suffer from asthma or similar conditions, the cold can trigger severe attacks, making it harder to breathe and causing discomfort. People with weakened immune systems or pre-existing lung conditions are especially vulnerable to these cold-induced complications.

Prevention and Safety Tips: Health experts emphasize the importance of staying indoors during the coldest hours of the day, particularly in the evening and early morning when temperatures reach their lowest. For those who must go outside, it is........

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