The introduction of the New Income Tax Bill, 2025, marks an ambitious and unprecedented attempt to simplify one of the most complex pieces of legislation in Indian governance. The effort undertaken by the government of India to overhaul the tax system was nothing short of Herculean. It was a meticulous and exhaustive re-evaluation of decades of tax laws — article by article, clause by clause — reflecting an unparalleled commitment to efficiency, transparency, and modernisation. This initiative sets a precedent, one that should inspire similar bold reforms in other sectors of governance and regulation.

For over 60 years, the Indian Income Tax Act accumulated amendments and additions, becoming an unwieldy document that challenged both taxpayers and administrators. Since its inception, it has been modified nearly 65 times, incorporating over 4,000 changes. The result? A labyrinthine structure with redundant provisions, convoluted language, and multiple cross-linkages that made compliance a daunting task. The challenge, then, was not just to amend the law but to fundamentally restructure it to align with modern economic realities and technological advancements. The New Income Tax Bill, 2025, aims to achieve what the government has termed the “5Cs”........

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