It is four weeks now that simmering resentment in the Pakistan occupied areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir turned violent. The agitation is centred on the 12 legislature seats reserved for refugees from the Indian side of J&K to Pakistan, but there is a host of other issues fomenting the protests.

It began in 2023 with the formation of the Joint Awami Action Committee, an amalgam of students and lawyers, traders and transporters, that was set up to project the demands of the people of the territory. There were 38 demands in all, the most prominent of which at that time were those concerning the power tariff, and the cost of food grains.  The JAAC wanted the same subsidized price for wheat flour, that was being charged in Gilgit Baltistan. It also wanted power to be charged at the cost of generation within the occupied territory. The Shahbaz Sharif government did take some measures on both these demands which do not seem to have fully met expectations. 

Talks between the federal government and the JAAC collapsed over two demands. One was the perks and privileges granted to ministers, legislators and bureaucrats. The other demand was the seats reserved for the migrants from Jammu and Kashmir, India. The JAAC argued that Islamabad uses these 12 seats to manufacture and manipulate unrepresentative regional governments. As MB Naqvi wrote in The Diplomat, “the turmoil reflects more than a dispute over a strike or public order. It has revealed deeper tensions over political representation, governance, and the nature of power in a territory where local politics has long been shaped by decisions made beyond its borders.”

Among the demands is abolition of the requirement that elected legislators take the oath of allegiance to Pakistan when assuming office. Negotiations broke down over these key issues. The Supreme Court of POJK has ruled the reserved seats were constitutionally guaranteed and could not be abolished without a constitutional amendment. Renewed violence by agitators followed the breakdown of talks and the State........

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