As the Artemis II crew completes its historic lunar flyby and begins its journey back to Earth, a new study is providing a critical roadmap for the next generation of explorers.

Researchers from the Rehovot-based Weizmann Institute of Science, in collaboration with the University of Colorado Boulder and the Planetary Science Institute in Honolulu, have identified ancient “cold traps” at the permanently shadowed lunar poles that have been accumulating ice for billions of years and could, one day, provide a source of water.

The study, published Tuesday in Nature Astronomy, suggests that lunar water is the result of a nearly continuous buildup. It proposes that the source of that water could be volcanic activity, solar wind, or cosmic impacts.

As ice reflects more ultraviolet light at certain wavelengths than the Moon’s rocky surface does, Prof. Oded Aharonson and his collaborators, Prof. Paul Hayne from Boulder and Norbert Schörghofer from Honolulu, used ultraviolet data from NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter to map craters with the most ice.

Data from the orbiter’s Laser Altimeter and the Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project was used to make the animation below, in which the permanently shadowed craters are colored white and light........

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