Parashat Chukat is not usually regarded as a political parashah. It deals with a wide range of topics, including the red heifer, the deaths of Miriam and Aaron, and the waters of Merivah. And yet, toward its end, a series of encounters appears between the people of Israel and the surrounding nations. From these encounters emerges a central and ever-relevant political and moral principle: the balance between the aspiration for peace and readiness for war.

When the Israelites request passage through the territory of the king of Edom, they do not initiate war. On the contrary, they send messengers and propose an orderly passage: “Let us pass through your land” (Numbers 20:17). They pledge not to harm fields, vineyards, or water sources. This is a respectful appeal, seeking a way to coexist.

Edom refuses, and the people of Israel choose not to confront them. Instead, they alter their route and continue by circumventing Edom’s territory.

Later in the parashah, a similar case occurs with Sihon, King of the Amorites. A request for peaceful passage is also sent to him. He too refuses, and even goes out to wage war against Israel. Only then does Israel respond with........

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