History often rewards those who speak for the voiceless, even when their words are unwelcome.” In his 200th birth anniversary year, Dadabhai Naoroji stands tall not merely as a nationalist icon, but as a polymath, thinker, parliamentarian, social reformer, and above all, the conscience-keeper of colonial India. If today Shashi Tharoor reminds the world that India once contributed nearly a quarter of global GDP in the 18th century, it was Naoroji who, more than 150 years earlier, laid the intellectual foundation of this argument.

His Drain of Wealth Theory revealed how Britain’s prosperity was being built on India’s ruin. It was not merely economics – it was a manifesto of awakening for a nation yet to be politically mobilized. Born on 4 September 1825, in a modest Parsi family in Bombay, Dadabhai Naoroji’s early life embodied the fusion of tradition and reform. Married at the tender age of 11, he nevertheless became a pioneer of modern education and social progress. He excelled in mathematics at Elphinstone College and soon became one of its first Indian professors – a rare feat in colonial India where academic chairs were jealously guarded by Europeans. Naoroji was not just a man of letters; he was an institution builder.

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In 1851, he founded the Gujarati fortnightly Rast Goftar (The Truth Teller) in the aftermath of communal unrest in Bombay, to address Parsi social reform and the grievances of the middle and poor classes. The paper also became a platform for his wider reformist ideas, including women’s education and religious reform, and soon emerged as one of the most widely circulated newspapers in Western India, giving Naoroji a powerful public voice. He would later help establish organizations like the Zoroastrian Fund and spearhead campaigns against casteism and social inequality. His was a reformist mind as much as a nationalist one. His ventures in London demonstrated his global outlook.

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He co-founded Cama & Co. and later Naoroji & Co., becoming one of the earliest Indian entrepreneurs in Britain. For him, commerce was not merely about profit; it was about building bridges, establishing credibility, and breaking stereotypes of Indian inferiority. His business pursuits gave him entry into British circles, which he would later use as platforms to........

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