For the first time in modern history, renewable energy has overtaken coal as the world’s largest source of electricity. The event marks more than a statistical milestone ~ it represents a profound shift in how nations generate, consume, and think about power. Yet, behind these figures lies a complex reality of uneven progress, political divergence, and technological imbalance that will determine whether this transition endures or falters. The most striking feature of the new energy order is its geography.

The global South ~ long associated with lagging industrial infrastructure and energy poverty ~ is now leading the clean power revolution. China’s scale of solar and wind deployment has been unmatched, with renewable generation expanding faster than its rising electricity demand. India, too, has added impressive solar and wind capacity while managing to reduce its dependence on coal and gas. Across Africa and South Asia, the........

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