Countries are recalibrating their strategies to secure future interests in today’s dynamic geopolitical landscape. Pakistan, situated at the crossroads of South Asia, the Middle East, and Central Asia, faces a complex web of challenges and opportunities. Its unique geographical position and shifting global power structures necessitate a foreign policy that bridges historical legacies with future aspirations.

Historical Context and Modern Challenges

Since its establishment in 1947, domestic and international dynamics have shaped Pakistan’s foreign policy. During the Cold War, Pakistan aligned itself with Western nations, particularly the United States, as a frontline state against communism. This strategic positioning granted Pakistan economic and military support but also made it susceptible to the ebbs and flows of global politics.

The post-9/11 era brought further shifts, as Pakistan became a key player in the U.S.-led war on terror. However, these alliances often stemmed from necessity rather than choice, exposing Pakistan to vulnerabilities in its foreign policy. With the end of the Cold War, the U.S. emerged as the sole superpower, influencing global norms, economic systems, and security structures. Yet, unipolarity often leads to overreach, spurring challenges from rising powers dissatisfied with the status quo.

Today, the international system is transitioning towards multipolarity, where multiple centers of power coexist. This shift fosters a balance of power but also intensifies competition among states. For Pakistan, this evolution presents dual challenges: safeguarding its territorial integrity amidst regional tensions and fostering economic growth while navigating the complexities of great power rivalries reminiscent of the Cold War era.

Economic Opportunities and Realignments

Pakistan’s geographical location at........

© The Spine Times