Corruption is one of the most deeply rooted and dangerous threats to national development. It is an inescapable and insidious plague that affects countries across the globe, regardless of their economic, social, or political status. Like a cancer, it silently spreads through the layers of society, weakening the foundations of trust, justice, and progress. It is more than just an ethical lapse—it is a systemic issue that erodes the very fabric of governance and public life.

At its core, corruption is the abuse of power or position for personal gain, often at the expense of the public good. It takes many forms—each corrosive in its own way. Bribery involves offering or receiving illicit payments to influence decisions or actions, while embezzlement refers to the theft or misappropriation of public funds. Nepotism and cronyism reward loyalty over merit, as relatives and friends are appointed to positions of influence. Kickbacks, on the other hand, are secret payments exchanged for favorable deals or contracts.

These forms of corruption have far-reaching and devastating effects on a country. Economically, corruption leads to........

© The Spine Times