Turkey’s path to regional dominance appears unstoppable. Recently, the Islamist-adjacent nation successfully carried out a live-firing test of two domestically developed air-to-air missiles, the Bozdoğan and the Gökdoğan from an F-16 warplane.

These missiles were developed under the GÖKTUĞ program by TÜBİTAK SAGE, Turkey’s scientific and technological research arm. This advancement by Turkey’s Armed Forces is being framed as a necessary step toward Turkish self-reliance in defense, particularly moving away from the country’s dependence on Western (specifically American) systems—notably the US AIM-9X Sidewinder and AIM-120........

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