Pakistan's governance system faces a range of persistent issues that continue to undermine public trust and efficiency. Inaccurate or missing identity records leave millions without access to basic services, while outdated paper-based systems in healthcare and legal institutions lead to lost records, delays and mismanagement. Elections are frequently marred by allegations of fraud, low transparency and limited access for overseas voters, raising doubts about their legitimacy.

Corruption remains a deeply entrenched problem, with opaque financial systems allowing for the misuse of public funds and limited accountability. In late 2018, officials in the federal Finance Ministry removed a critical dissent note from a document outlining Rs1.253 trillion in contingent liabilities.

From land disputes caused by poorly maintained property records to the misallocation of subsidies and development budgets, administrative inefficiencies affect both the credibility of public institutions and the quality of life for citizens. These are not isolated issues, they are interconnected challenges that demand systemic reform.

In recent years, blockchain technology has evolved from a platform just for cryptocurrency into something way more versatile with numerous........

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